Overview
About flat pigmentation
Flat pigmentation refers to patches of skin that are darker than the surrounding tone but remain level with the rest of the skin's surface. The most common form is age spots — also known as sun spots, liver spots or solar lentigines — flat brown patches that appear on the hands, face, chest and shoulders with age.
These marks are completely harmless but can make the skin look uneven or older than it feels. They are different from raised pigmented lesions, which require a different approach and a careful initial assessment.
Causes
Why pigmentation appears
Most flat pigmentation is the result of cumulative sun exposure over many years. UV light triggers the skin to produce more melanin in localised areas, which gradually becomes visible as flat brown patches.
Age, genetics and hormonal influences also play a role, which is why pigmentation often becomes more noticeable from the forties onwards.
Carefully timed cryotherapy targets the pigment itself — not the skin around it — so the treated patch fades gradually while the surrounding tone stays balanced.
The treatment
How cryotherapy works
A short, controlled freeze is applied to each pigmented patch. The treatment targets the pigment-producing cells in that area, prompting the skin to shed the affected layer and replace it with fresh tissue.
Pigmentation often responds well after one or two sessions, depending on the depth and age of the patch. We will give a clear, honest indication of likely results at your consultation.
Your visit
What to expect
During treatment
You will feel a brief, sharp sting as the freeze is applied. The treatment itself is quick — usually completed in under fifteen minutes including consultation.
In the days that follow
The treated patch often appears darker before it lifts, sometimes forming a thin scab that flakes away over one to two weeks. Keep the area clean, avoid picking, and follow the aftercare guidance carefully.
Sun protection
Sun protection is essential during and after treatment. We will recommend a suitable SPF and explain how to protect the area while the new skin develops.
Common questions
Frequently asked
Will my pigmentation come back?
Treated pigmentation does not usually return in the same spot, but new patches can develop with further sun exposure. Daily SPF makes a real difference to how the skin holds its result over time.
How can I tell if a mark is safe to treat?
We always assess each pigmented mark at your consultation. Anything that looks irregular in shape, colour or size will be referred for medical review rather than treated cosmetically.
Is treatment suitable for darker skin tones?
We approach pigmentation treatment carefully on darker complexions, as there is a higher risk of temporary lightening or darkening of the surrounding skin. We will assess suitability honestly at your consultation.
How many sessions will I need?
Many patches respond well after one or two sessions. Older or deeper pigmentation occasionally needs a third treatment, spaced four to six weeks apart.
Can pregnancy mask (melasma) be treated this way?
Melasma responds differently from sun spots and is not always best treated with cryotherapy. We will discuss the most appropriate route at your consultation.
